CSV

class rackio_AI.CSV()

The so-called CSV (Comma Separated Values) format is the most common import and export format for spreadsheets and databases. It's based on pandas.read_csv

The CSV class implements methods to read and write tabular data in CSV format. It allows programmers to say, "write this data in the format preferred by Excel", or "read data from this file which was generated by Excel" without knowing the precise details of the CSV format used by Excel. Programmers can also describe the CSV formats understood by other applications or define their own special-purpose CSV formats.

The CSV class’s reader and writer objects read and write sequences. Programmers can also read and write data in dictionary form using the DictReader and DictWriter classes.

read(self, pathname, **csv_options)

Read a comma-separated-values (csv) file into DataFrame.

Also supports optionally iterating or breaking of the file into chunks.

Parameters

  • :param csv_files: (str, path object or file-like object) Any valid string path is acceptable. The string could be a URL. Valid URL schemes include http, ftp, s3, gs, and file. For file URLs, a host is expected. If you want to pass in a path object, pandas accepts any os.PathLike. By file-like object, we refer to objects with a read() method, such as a file handle (e.g. via builtin open function) or StringIO.
  • :param sep: (str, default ‘,’) Delimiter to use. If sep is None, the C engine cannot automatically detect the separator, but the Python parsing engine can, meaning the latter will be used and automatically detect the separator by Python’s builtin sniffer tool, csv.Sniffer.
  • :param delimiter: (str, default None) Alias for sep.
  • :param header: (int, list of int, default ‘infer’) Row number(s) to use as the column names, and the start of the data. Default behavior is to infer the column names: if no names are passed the behavior is identical to header=0 and column names are inferred from the first line of the file, if column names are passed explicitly then the behavior is identical to header=None. Explicitly pass header=0 to be able to replace existing names. The header can be a list of integers that specify row locations for a multi-index on the columns e.g. [0,1,3]. Intervening rows that are not specified will be skipped (e.g. 2 in this example is skipped). Note that this parameter ignores commented lines and empty lines if skip_blank_lines=True, so header=0 denotes the first line of data rather than the first line of the file.
  • :param names: (array-like, optional) List of column names to use. If the file contains a header row, then you should explicitly pass header=0 to override the column names. Duplicates in this list are not allowed.
  • :param index_col: (int, str, sequence of int / str, or False, default None) Column(s) to use as the row labels of the DataFrame, either given as string name or column index. If a sequence of int / str is given, a MultiIndex is used. Note: index_col=False can be used to force pandas to not use the first column as the index, e.g. when you have a malformed file with delimiters at the end of each line.
  • :param usecols: (list-like or callable, optional) Return a subset of the columns. If list-like, all elements must either be positional (i.e. integer indices into the document columns) or strings that correspond to column names provided either by the user in names or inferred from the document header row(s). For example, a valid list-like usecols parameter would be [0, 1, 2] or ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']. Element order is ignored, so usecols=[0, 1] is the same as [1, 0]. To instantiate a DataFrame from data with element order preserved use pd.read_csv(data, usecols=['foo', 'bar'])[['foo', 'bar']] for columns in ['foo', 'bar'] order or pd.read_csv(data, usecols=['foo', 'bar'])[['bar', 'foo']] for ['bar', 'foo'] order. If callable, the callable function will be evaluated against the column names, returning names where the callable function evaluates to True. An example of a valid callable argument would be lambda x: x.upper() in ['AAA', 'BBB', 'DDD']. Using this parameter results in much faster parsing time and lower memory usage.
  • :param squeeze: (bool, default False) If the parsed data only contains one column then return a Series.
  • :param prefix: (str, optional) Prefix to add to column numbers when no header, e.g. ‘X’ for X0, X1, …
  • :param mangle_dupe_cols: (bool, default True) Duplicate columns will be specified as ‘X’, ‘X.1’, …’X.N’, rather than ‘X’…’X’. Passing in False will cause data to be overwritten if there are duplicate names in the columns.
  • :param dtype: (Type name or dict of column -> type, optional) Data type for data or columns. E.g. {‘a’: np.float64, ‘b’: np.int32, ‘c’: ‘Int64’} Use str or object together with suitable na_values settings to preserve and not interpret dtype. If converters are specified, they will be applied INSTEAD of dtype conversion.
  • :param engine: ({‘c’, ‘python’}, optional) Parser engine to use. The C engine is faster while the python engine is currently more feature-complete.
  • :param converters: (dict, optional) Dict of functions for converting values in certain columns. Keys can either be integers or column labels.
  • :param true_values: (list, optional) Values to consider as True.
  • :param false_values: (list, optional) Values to consider as False.
  • :param skipinitialspace: (bool, default False) Skip spaces after delimiter.
  • :param skiprows: (list-like, int or callable, optional) Line numbers to skip (0-indexed) or number of lines to skip (int) at the start of the file. If callable, the callable function will be evaluated against the row indices, returning True if the row should be skipped and False otherwise. An example of a valid callable argument would be lambda x: x in [0, 2].
  • :param skipfooter: (int, default 0) Number of lines at bottom of file to skip (Unsupported with engine=’c’).
  • :param nrows: (int, optional) Number of rows of file to read. Useful for reading pieces of large files.
  • :param na_values: (scalar, str, list-like, or dict, optional) Additional strings to recognize as NA/NaN. If dict passed, specific per-column NA values. By default the following values are interpreted as NaN: ‘’, ‘#N/A’, ‘#N/A N/A’, ‘#NA’, ‘-1.#IND’, ‘-1.#QNAN’, ‘-NaN’, ‘-nan’, ‘1.#IND’, ‘1.#QNAN’, ‘’, ‘N/A’, ‘NA’, ‘NULL’, ‘NaN’, ‘n/a’, ‘nan’, ‘null’.
  • :param keep_default_na: (bool, default True) Whether or not to include the default NaN values when parsing the data. Depending on whether na_values is passed in, the behavior is as follows:
    • If keep_default_na is True, and na_values are specified, na_values is appended to the default NaN values used for parsing.
    • If keep_default_na is True, and na_values are not specified, only the default NaN values are used for parsing.
    • If keep_default_na is False, and na_values are specified, only the NaN values specified na_values are used for parsing.
    • If keep_default_na is False, and na_values are not specified, no strings will be parsed as NaN. Note that if na_filter is passed in as False, the keep_default_na and na_values parameters will be ignored.
  • :param na_filter: (bool, default True) Detect missing value markers (empty strings and the value of na_values). In data without any NAs, passing na_filter=False can improve the performance of reading a large file.
  • :param verbose: (bool, default False) Indicate number of NA values placed in non-numeric columns.
  • :param skip_blank_lines: (bool, default True) If True, skip over blank lines rather than interpreting as NaN values.
  • :param parse_dates: (bool or list of int or names or list of lists or dict, default False) The behavior is as follows:
    • boolean. If True -> try parsing the index.
    • list of int or names. e.g. If [1, 2, 3] -> try parsing columns 1, 2, 3 each as a separate date column.
    • list of lists. e.g. If [[1, 3]] -> combine columns 1 and 3 and parse as a single date column.
    • dict, e.g. {‘foo’ : [1, 3]} -> parse columns 1, 3 as date and call result ‘foo’. If a column or index cannot be represented as an array of datetimes, say because of an unparsable value or a mixture of timezones, the column or index will be returned unaltered as an object data type. For non-standard datetime parsing, use pd.to_datetime after pd.read_csv. To parse an index or column with a mixture of timezones, specify date_parser to be a partially-applied pandas.to_datetime() with utc=True. See Parsing a CSV with mixed timezones for more. Note: A fast-path exists for iso8601-formatted dates.
  • :param infer_datetime_format: (bool, default False) If True and parse_dates is enabled, pandas will attempt to infer the format of the datetime strings in the columns, and if it can be inferred, switch to a faster method of parsing them. In some cases this can increase the parsing speed by 5-10x.
  • :param keep_date_col: (bool, default False) If True and parse_dates specifies combining multiple columns then keep the original columns.
  • :param date_parser: (function, optional) Function to use for converting a sequence of string columns to an array of datetime instances. The default uses dateutil.parser.parser to do the conversion. Pandas will try to call date_parser in three different ways, advancing to the next if an exception occurs: 1) Pass one or more arrays (as defined by parse_dates) as arguments; 2) concatenate (row-wise) the string values from the columns defined by parse_dates into a single array and pass that; and 3) call date_parser once for each row using one or more strings (corresponding to the columns defined by parse_dates) as arguments.
  • :param dayfirst: (bool, default False) DD/MM format dates, international and European format.
  • :param cache_dates: (bool, default True) If True, use a cache of unique, converted dates to apply the datetime conversion. May produce significant speed-up when parsing duplicate date strings, especially ones with timezone offsets.
  • :param iterator: (bool, default False) Return TextFileReader object for iteration or getting chunks with get_chunk().
  • :param chunksize: (int, optional) Return TextFileReader object for iteration. See the IO Tools docs for more information on iterator and chunksize.
  • :param compression: ({‘infer’, ‘gzip’, ‘bz2’, ‘zip’, ‘xz’, None}, default ‘infer’) For on-the-fly decompression of on-disk data. If ‘infer’ and filepath_or_buffer is path-like, then detect compression from the following extensions: ‘.gz’, ‘.bz2’, ‘.zip’, or ‘.xz’ (otherwise no decompression). If using ‘zip’, the ZIP file must contain only one data file to be read in. Set to None for no decompression.
  • :param thousands: (str, optional) Thousands separator.
  • :param decimal: (str, default ‘.’) Character to recognize as decimal point (e.g. use ‘,’ for European data).
  • :param lineterminator: (str (length 1), optional) Character to break file into lines. Only valid with C parser.
  • :param quoting: (int or csv.QUOTE_ instance, default 0) Control field quoting behavior per csv.QUOTE_ constants. Use one of QUOTE_MINIMAL (0), QUOTE_ALL (1), QUOTE_NONNUMERIC (2) or QUOTE_NONE (3).
  • :param doublequote: (bool, default True) When quotechar is specified and quoting is not QUOTE_NONE, indicate whether or not to interpret two consecutive quotechar elements INSIDE a field as a single quotechar element.
  • :param escapechar: (str (length 1), optional) One-character string used to escape other characters.
  • :param comment: (str, optional) Indicates remainder of line should not be parsed. If found at the beginning of a line, the line will be ignored altogether. This parameter must be a single character. Like empty lines (as long as skip_blank_lines=True), fully commented lines are ignored by the parameter header but not by skiprows. For example, if comment='#', parsing #emptya,b,c1,2,3 with header=0 will result in ‘a,b,c’ being treated as the header.
  • :param encoding: (str, optional) Encoding to use for UTF when reading/writing (ex. ‘utf-8’). List of Python standard encodings .
  • :param dialect: (str or csv.Dialect, optional) If provided, this parameter will override values (default or not) for the following parameters: delimiter, doublequote, escapechar, skipinitialspace, quotechar, and quoting. If it is necessary to override values, a ParserWarning will be issued. See csv.Dialect documentation for more details.
  • :param error_bad_lines: (bool, default True) Lines with too many fields (e.g. a csv line with too many commas) will by default cause an exception to be raised, and no DataFrame will be returned. If False, then these “bad lines” will dropped from the DataFrame that is returned.
  • :param warn_bad_lines: (bool, default True) If error_bad_lines is False, and warn_bad_lines is True, a warning for each “bad line” will be output.
  • :param delim_whitespace: (bool, default False) Specifies whether or not whitespace (e.g. ' ' or ' ') will be used as the sep. If this option is set to True, nothing should be passed in for the delimiter parameter.
  • :param low_memory: (bool, default True) Internally process the file in chunks, resulting in lower memory use while parsing, but possibly mixed type inference. To ensure no mixed types either set False, or specify the type with the dtype parameter. Note that the entire file is read into a single DataFrame regardless, use the chunksize or iterator parameter to return the data in chunks. (Only valid with C parser).
  • :param memory_map: (bool, default False) If a filepath is provided for filepath_or_buffer, map the file object directly onto memory and access the data directly from there. Using this option can improve performance because there is no longer any I/O overhead.
  • :param float_precision: (str, optional) Specifies which converter the C engine should use for floating-point values. The options are None or ‘high’ for the ordinary converter, ‘legacy’ for the original lower precision pandas converter, and ‘round_trip’ for the round-trip converter.
  • :param storage_options: (dict, optional) Extra options that make sense for a particular storage connection, e.g. host, port, username, password, etc., if using a URL that will be parsed by fsspec, e.g., starting “s3://”, “gcs://”. An error will be raised if providing this argument with a non-fsspec URL. See the fsspec and backend storage implementation docs for the set of allowed keys and values.

Returns

  • (DataFrame or TextParse) *

A comma-separated values (csv) file is returned as two-dimensional data structure with labeled axes.

Snippet Code

>>> import os
>>> from rackio_AI import RackioAI, get_directory
>>> directory = os.path.join(get_directory('csv'), "standard")
>>> RackioAI.load(directory, ext=".csv", delimiter=";", header=0)
    Username   Identifier One-time password Recovery code First name Last name   Department    Location
0   booker12         9012            12se74        rb9012     Rachel    Booker        Sales  Manchester
1     grey07         2070            04ap67        lg2070      Laura      Grey        Depot      London
2  johnson81         4081            30no86        cj4081      Craig   Johnson        Depot      London
3  jenkins46         9346            14ju73        mj9346       Mary   Jenkins  Engineering  Manchester
4    smith79         5079            09ja61        js5079      Jamie     Smith  Engineering  Manchester